Situación actual de la cirugía endocrina en régimen ambulatorio en España. Revisión sistemática de la literatura existente / Current situation of outpatient endocrine surgery in spain. Systematic review of the existing literature

En los últimos 20 años la cirugía en régimen ambulatorio se ha impuesto como una realidad cotidiana. Se ha convertido en un estándar para ciertas cirugías en casos seleccionados. La cirugía tiroidea y paratiroidea han sido unos de los procedimientos que se han implantado en muchas unidades de CMA, pero todavía hay reticencias a su realización y no existen muchas publicaciones al respecto en el ámbito nacional. Por ello, revisamos la literatura publicada en revistas indexadas respecto a la cirugía tiroidea y paratiroidea en régimen ambulatorio en España en los últimos 20 años (AU)

In the last 20 years ambulatory surgery has established itself as a daily reality. It has become a standard for certain surgeries in selected cases. Thyroid and parathyroid surgery have been one of the procedures that have been implemented in many units, but there is still reluctance to carry them out and there are not many publications on the matter at the national level. For this reason, we reviewed the literature published in indexed journals regarding thyroid and parathyroid surgery in outpatient settings in Spain in the last 20 years (AU)

[Evaluation of the telematic consultation in endocrine surgery during confinement due to COVID-19]. / Evaluación de la consulta telemática en cirugía endocrina durante el confinamiento por COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) made necessary to remodel the hospital's clinical consultations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the telematic consultation in endocrine surgery, as well as to select the group of patients susceptible to perform a telematic consultation in the future according to this assessment. METHODS: The study population were patients who had a clinical consultation by telephone. The evaluation was made with the Net Promoter Score (NPS). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: SPSS v.28, X2 test and a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: 55 patients were analyzed. The NPS was +16, 24 promoters (43.6%) and 15 detractors (27.2%). There were differences between those whose main reason for consultation was malignant pathology (OR 4.5; p = 0.033). The NPS between malignant vs. non-malignant pathology was -13 vs. +38 (p > 0.001). The evaluation of the telematic consultations for the future was: telephone (83% very well), video call (58%), videoconference (19%). CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of the telephone consultation has been good, finding a better assessment among patients with non-malignant pathology. Its future implementation could be necessary, being the telephone the preferred way.

Manejo quirúrgico de carcinoma de paratiroides: a propósito de un caso / Surgical management of parathyroid carcinoma: a case report

Resumen Introducción: A pesar de que el carcinoma de paratiroides es uno de los cánceres menos frecuentes del mundo, es importante tenerlo en cuenta al plantear el diagnóstico diferencial del hiperparatiroidismo primario, ya que su diagnóstico temprano tiene repercusiones en el tratamiento y el pronóstico vital del paciente. Caso Clínico: A continuación, se expone un caso clínico de un paciente con sintomatología abigarrada de hiperfunción paratiroidea que, dada la sospecha clínica de carcinoma de paratiroides y la no infiltración de estructuras adyacentes, fue tratado con una paratiroidectomía. Conclusión: Esta cirugía supone una menor morbilidad, sin suponer un detrimento para la supervivencia global del paciente.

Introduction: Parathyroid carcinoma should be taken into consideration among the differential diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism, even though it is one of the less common malignant tumours in the world, because an early diagnosis is essential for the treatment and the prognosis of the patient. Case Report: We present the case of a patient whose symptoms were compatible with hyperfunction of parathyroid gland. Due to the malignant disease suspicion and the non-invasion of adjacent tissue, he was treated with a parathyroidectomy. Conclusión: This type of treatment supposes a lower morbidity without decrease in overall survival, according to bibliography.

Minimally-invasive endocrine neck surgery. / Cirugía endocrina cervical mínimamente invasiva.

Minimally invasive approaches for endocrine surgery of the neck are the result of efforts by several surgeons to extrapolate to neck surgery the proven benefits of minimally invasive techniques from other regions of the body, including less pain, morbidity and hospital stay. However, the main argument that led to the introduction of these techniques was the improvement of esthetic results. Endoscopic and robotic remote-access endocrine neck approaches through small incisions have been developed over the last 25 years and are constantly being refined. The objective of this review is to determine the current state of the literature through a systematic evaluation of the different techniques available in minimally invasive endocrine surgery of the neck, either with or without remote access, by describing their main characteristics and evaluating their advantages, disadvantages and controversies, while discussing their role and future in neck surgery.

Factores de riesgo asociados a recidiva de carcinoma papilar de tiroides / Risk factors associated with recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma

RESUMEN Introducción: Aunque el carcinoma papilar de tiroides (CPT) tiene una buena sobrevida, en el 30% de los casos recidivará a largo plazo. Se han descrito factores pronósticos como el tamaño, histopatología, procedimiento quirúrgico y administración de yodo radiactivo. Objetivo: Este trabajo pretende determinar factores de riesgo de recidiva a largo plazo. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y observacional, se incluyeron a los pacientes sometidos a cirugía por CPT con seguimiento a 10 años, y se analizaron variables clínicas y bioquímicas relacionadas con la recidiva a largo plazo. Resultados: Se identificaron 91 pacientes con seguimiento de 10 años. No se encontró relación para recidiva con historia familiar oncológica, enfermedad tiroidea pre-via, pero sí con tabaquismo (p 0,040). Se encontraron a 27 (29%) con recidiva, en relación a lesiones >3 cm (p 0,05), y CPT multicéntrico (p 0,003). Conclusión: El tiempo de evolución prolongado favorece el crecimiento de las lesiones, y la diseminación de la enfermedad, así como la recidiva. El CPT es una enfermedad con capacidad metastásica a largo plazo, que requiere un seguimiento cercano y detección oportuna de pacientes susceptibles de recidiva. El tiempo entre el diagnóstico y la cirugía es un factor fundamental para el crecimiento de las lesiones y la propagación de la enfermedad, por lo que se debe reducir el tiempo de espera, evitando así las lesiones de mayor tamaño, diseminación de células tumorales y la recidiva con peor pronóstico para los pacientes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The papillary thyroid cancer has good survival rate, however, 30% of the patients will have a recurrence. Prognostic factors have been described such as size, histopathology, surgical procedure and administration of radioactive iodine. Aim: To determine preventable risk factors for long-term recurrence. Material and method: This is a retrospective and observational study, patients undergoing surgery for CPT and 10 year follow up were included to analyze clinical and biochemical variables related to long-term recurrence. Results: Ninety-one patients with a 10-year follow-up were identified. No relationship was found for recurrence with oncological family history, previous thyroid disease, but smoking was a risk factor (p 0.040). We found 27 (29%) with relapse, in relation to lesions > 3 cm (p 0.05), and multicentric PTC (p 0.003). Conclusion: The long evolution time favors the growth of lesions, the spread of the disease, as well as the recurrence. The CPT is a disease with long-term metastatic capacity; it requires close monitoring and opportune detection of patients susceptible to recurrence. The time between diagnosis and surgery is a fundamental factor for the growth of the lesions and the spread of the disease, so the waiting time must be reduced, thus avoiding larger lesions, malignant cell dissemination and recurrence with worse prognosis for patients.

Contributions of fluorescence to endocrine surgery. / Aportaciones de la fluorescencia a la cirugía endocrina.

The use of fluorescence in surgery has expanded and become widespread in recent years, which has led to a real technological phenomenon with the emergence of devices adapted for use in laparoscopic and robotic approaches. Fluorescence-guided surgery in the field of endocrine surgery is also on the rise. More and more articles describe its use in surgery of the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands, although the series are still modest in size and protocols have not been standardized. There are currently several developing areas for the application of fluorescence in endocrine surgery, including the use of fluorescence with indocyanine green in adrenal gland surgery, the identification and prediction of parathyroid perfusion with indocyanine green, and autofluorescence of the parathyroid glands. The objective of this article is to review the current applications of fluorescence in endocrine surgery.